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Oaxaca-vetoomukset
(Uusi Tuuli)
Turku, 4. toukokuuta, 2010
Vetoomus Meksikon liittovaltion presidentille ja hallitukselle
Puolisotilaalliset joukot murhasivat Jyri Antero Jaakkolan ja Beatriz Alberta Carino Trujillon sekä haavoittivat monia muita Oaxacassa tiistaina 27. huhtikuuta.
Jyri ja Beatriz osallistuivat tuolloin monien muiden ulkomaalaisten ja meksikolaisten kanssa saattueeseen, joka oli viemässä vaatteita, lääkkeitä ja ruokaa San Juan Copalan intiaaniyhteisöön Oaxacassa.
Jyri oli 33-vuotias suomalainen mies. Hän oli rauhanomaisen ja Suomessa virallisesti rekisteröidyn Uusi Tuuli ry:n aktiivinen jäsen ja toimi sen puheenjohtajana vuosina 2008-2009. Uusi tuuli toimii reilun kaupan sekä oikeudenmukaisemman ja kestävävämmän elämäntavan edistämiseksi.
Jyri ei halunnut olla marttyyri. Hänen elämäntehtävänsä oli työskennellä oikeudenmukaisuuden ja rauhan edistämiseksi. On traagista, että hänen nuori elämänsä päättyi näin.
Tämä poliittinen murha on aiheuttanut paljon huomiota kaikissa suomalaisissa tiedotusvälineissä, ja Suomen valtio vaatii sen selvittämistä ja on esittänyt asiasta nootin Meksikon valtiolle. Myös alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksien toteuttamisen puolesta toimivat YK elimet ovat vaatineet näiden laittomuuksien ja ihmisoikeusloukkauksien selvittämistä.
Me Jyrin ystävät ja Uusi tuuli -yhdistyksen jäsenet olemme huolestuneita toistuvista ihmisoikeusloukkauksista Meksikossa ja erityisesti Oaxacan osavaltiossa ja vaadimme, että Meksikon liittovaltion viranomaisten tulee:
1. Antaa selvitys puolisotilaallisten joukkojen hyökkäyksestä yllä mainittua saattuetta kohtaan ja Jyri Antero Jaakkolan ja Beatriz Alberta Carino Trujillon murhista sekä saattaa syylliset edesvastuuseen teoistaan Meksikon lakien mukaisesti.
2. Lopettaa San Juan Copalan autonomisen triqui-intiaaniyhteisön laiton väkivaltainen saarto ja muut aseelliset hyökkäykset tuolla alueella.
3. Riisua UBISORT ja muut puolisotilaalliset ryhmät San Juan Copalan alueella aseista sekä lopettaa niiden rahoittaminen ja niiden nauttima koskemattomuus.
4. Aloittaa San Juan Copalassa ja muilla triqui-intiaanien asuinalueilla rauhanprosessi, jossa kuullaan intiaaniyhteisöjä ja heidän toivomuksiaan. Prosessia tulee myös johtaa riittävän korkea kansainvälinen taho, jotta alueen militarisointi voidaan estää ja rauhaprosessi saattaa päätökseen.
5. Toteuttaa sitoumukset alkuperäiskansojen itsemääräämisoikeudesta ja ihmisoikeuksista ILO:n sopimuksen 169 ja YK:n alkuperäiskansojen julistuksen sekä muiden Meksikon hyväksymien /ratifioimien YK:n ihmisoikeussopimusten ja -julistusten mukaisesti (ks. liite).
6. Perustaa YK:n ihmisoikeuselinten seurannan alainen totuustuomioistuin Oaxacan tapahtumista ja selvittää myös tapahtumat, jotka muualla Meksikossa loukkaavat alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksia elämään, maahan, ruokaan, omiin elinehtoihinsa, ja kulttuuriinsa sekä niiden mukaiseen oman alueensa itsehallintoon.
7. Turvata alkuperäiskansojen oikeus saada tietoa heitä koskevistä päätöksistä ja varmistaa heidän osallistumisensa päätöksentekoon.
8. Edistää sellaisen monietnisen Meksikon luomista, jossa turvataan alkuperäiskansojen oikeus elää omaa kulttuuriaan kunnioittaen, ja jossa niiden ja valtaväestön kesken vallitsee yhdenvertaisuus.
Turku, 4. toukokuuta, 2010
(Käännös espanjaksi:)
Al Presidente Constitucional de la República Mexicana, Lic. Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa
Al gobierno de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Copia: Profesor James Anaya, relator especial de la ONU sobre los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales de los indígenas
Petición al Presidente y el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Los grupos paramilitares asesinaron a Jyri Antero Jaakkola y Beátriz Alberta Carino Trujillo, e hirieron a muchas otras personas el martes día 27 de abril del presente año 2010. Jyri y Beátriz participaban junto con varios otros ciudadanos extranjeros y mexicanos en una caravana pacífica para llevar ropa, medicina y comida a la comunidad de San Juan Copala, Oaxaca.
Jyri era un hombre finlandés de 33 años. Él era un miembro activo de la asociación pacifista y oficialmente registrada Uusi Tuuli ry (Nuevo Viento A.C.), y fue presidente de la misma durante los años 2008 y 2009. Uusi Tuuli actúa en favor del comercio justo y por el desarrollo de modos de vida que sean justos y sostenibles.
Jyri no quería ser un mártir, la misión de su vida fue siempre trabajar por la justicia y por la paz. Es una tragedia que su joven vida haya terminado de esta manera.
Este asesinato político de un ciudadano Finlandés en México ha causado mucha atención en todos los medios de communicación de Finlandia, y el gobierno está exigiendo que se aclaren los asesinatos y ha presentado una nota diplomática por escrito al gobierno de México. Igualmente las instancias de la ONU que trabajan por el cumplimiento de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas han exigido que las ilegalidades y las violaciones de los derechos humanos se aclaren.
Nosotros, los amigos de Jyri y los miembros de la asociación Uusi Tuuli les presentamos nuestra preocupación por las violaciones contra los derechos humanos en México y en el estado de Oaxaca en particular. Exigimos que las autoridades mexicanas:
1. Realicen una investigación exhaustiva e inmediata en torno al ataque de los paramilitares contra esta caravana arriba mencionada y el asesinato de Jyri Antero Jaakkola y Beatriz Alberta Carino Trujillo, con el fin de identificar a los responsables, llevarlos ante un tribunal competente y aplicarles las sanciones con todo el rigor y el peso de las leyes mexicanas.
2. Detengan inmediatamente el bloqueo alrededor del municipio autónomo de San Juan Copala y todos los ataques armados en la zona Triqui.
3. Confisquen las armas de UBISORT y de otros grupos paramilitares en la zona de San Juan Copala y cesen de dar recursos, armas y capacitación militar a estos grupos y pongan un alto a su impunididad.
4. Inicien en San Juan Copala y en otras areas del pueblo Triqui un proceso de paz en el cuál se escuche a las comunidades indígenas y sus deseos. Este proceso debe ser dirigido por una instancia internacional de alto nivel para que se pueda evitar la militarización de la zona y el proceso de paz se lleve a cabo.
5. Adopten las medidas a las que México se ha comprometido sobre la autodeterminación y los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas según el acuerdo de OIT no. 169 y la Declaración de los Pueblos Indígenas de la ONU, las cuales la República Mexicana ha aceptado y ratificado (vease el anexo).
6. Establezcan un Tribunal de la Verdad sobre las violaciones de los derechos humanos en Oaxaca y averigüen también en diferentes partes de México las acciones que violan los derechos de los pueblos indígenas a la vida, a la tierra, a la comida, a la información, a sus propias condiciones de vida y a su cultura, así como a una autonomía basada en estos derechos.
7. Protejan el derecho de los pueblos indígenas a recibir información sobre las decisiones que les afectan y aseguren su participación en la toma de dichas decisiones.
8. Promuevan la creación de un México pluriétnico en donde se proteja el derecho de los pueblos indígenas al mantenimiento de su propia cultura en su vida diaria y en donde exista una igualdad entre ellos y la población mayoritaria.
Turku, a 4. de Mayo, 2010
Presidenta
Secretario/secretaria
Miembro del comité ejecutivo
ANNEX to the Appeal to Mexico
As continuing violence and oppression in indigenous communities in Oaxaca violates also Mexico's international commitments on human rights, freedom and right to land, the government of Mexico is responsible to ensure that the situation is corrected with the support of the international community.
As presented in our appeal, we request Mexico to ensure due implementation of the following rights of indigenous peoples and to stop all violence which threatens indigenous people or human rights defenders in San Juan Copala and elsewhere in Oaxaca.
(These rights are provided under ICESCR, ILO 169, UNDRIP and ”Declaration of Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”, adopted by the UN General Assembly resolution 53/144 on 8 March 1999).
Even though Oaxaca has already formally recognised (in 1990) self-determination for the local indigenous communities, in practice, however, violent oppression still continues for example in the Trique area. This continuing oppression has included killing indigenous people and undermining their safety and freedom and their rights to land, forest, water, health and education.
The legislation to provide autonomy for indigenous people's communities is competently realised as far as it implements the international human rights law on peoples' fundamental right on self-determination as applied to the indigenous people. The fundamental right to the self-determination requires that people are allowed to determine their own life, development and subsistence so that:
”In no case may a people be deprived of their own means of subsistence” (article 1.2. of the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights as well as Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).
This fundamental right applies to the indigenous peoples so that the governments shall ensure for them the following rights:
”Rights... over the lands which they traditionally occupy” or ”to which they have traditionally had access for their subsistence”, rights to the use and control of the natural resources of these lands and rights to livelihood, social security, health and education in accordance to the ILO convention 169, articles 14-16, 19 and 23-27.
These rights shall be recognised and safeguarded by the states so that indigenous peoples shall have also the following rights:
”Right to decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives” and ”to retain their own customs and institutions” so that ”in applying national laws and regulations to the peoples concerned, due regard shall be had to their customs or customary laws”. ”Procedures shall be established, whenever necessary, to resolve conflicts which may arise in the application of this principle”. (ILO 169, articles 7 and 8)
”Adequate penalties shall be established by law for unauthorised intrusion upon, or use of, the lands of the peoples concerned” (article 18) and ”the customs of these peoples in regard to penal matters shall be taken into consideration by the authorities and courts dealing with such cases”. (ILO 169, article 9)
To ensure all these rights and safety of the indigenous people, the governments shall:
- ”protect the rights of these peoples and to guarantee respect for their integrity... promoting the full realisation of the social, economic and cultural rights of these peoples with respect for their social and cultural identity, their customs and traditions and their institutions” (ILO 169, article 2)
- ”consult the peoples concerned” regarding the ”measures which may affect them” to ensure the ”means by which these peoples can freely participate... at all levels of decision-making” and the ”means for the full development of these peoples' own institutions and initiatives” (ILO 169, article 6)
So, ”indigenous peoples have right to self-determination”, realising the local autonomy of their communities and also the following rights which Mexico has agreed to ensure/promote under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP):
- ”Right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local affairs”, to ”freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development” (UNDRIP, articles 3 and 4) and ”right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures” (UNDRIP article 18)
- ”Right... to be secure in the enjoyment of their own means of subsistence and development” so that ”Indigenous peoples deprived of their means of subsistence and development are entitled to just and fair redress”. (UNDRIP article 20.1.-2.)
-”Right to the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired”, ”to own, use, develop and control... these lands, territories and resources... with due respect to the customs, traditions and land tenure systems of the indigenous peoples concerned”.(UNDRIP article 26.1.-3.)
- ”Right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions”, through the ”control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources” (UNDRIP article 5 and preface)
- ”Right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources” with right to ”free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources” (UNDRIP article 32.1.-2.)
- Right to be ”not... forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned” (UNDRIP article 10), who have also ”right to maintain and strengthen their distinctive spiritual relationship with their traditionally owned or otherwise occupied and used lands”. (UNDRIP article 25)
- ”Collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide or any other act of violence” (UNDRIP article 7.2.)
- ”Right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting them and... to administer such programmes through their own institutions.” (UNDRIP article 23)
- ”Equal right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. States shall take the necessary steps” for the full realization of this right. (UNDRIP article 24.2.) as well as the ”right to all levels and forms of education” to be ensured by ”effective measures” of the State. (UNDRIP articles 14.2.-3.)
- ”Right to access to... just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States” with ”due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.” (UNDRIP article 40)
The freedom of local communities through their right to the self-determination over the land belongs also to that important heritage of humanity for which Mexico has given a great contribution via people's movement already from the beginning of the 20th century. The use of land, forest and water by the local communites in America during the pre-Colombian history has also developed various species of plants – like maize, potato, tomato, etc. - which have now become highly useful for the whole world.
The international commitments on freedom and right to land for the local communities and on their biodiversity are thus commitments to which Mexico has greatly contributed and which it has adopted and under which the states shall:
-”establish and implement,... due recognition to indigenous peoples’ laws, traditions, customs and land tenure systems... Indigenous peoples shall have the right to participate in this process” (UNDRIP article 27)
- ”provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for... any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or ... of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources” (UNDRIP article 8.2.)
- search ”to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.” (UNDRIP article 19)
”Military activities shall not take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples, unless … freely agreed with or requested by the indigenous peoples concerned (UNDRIP article 30.1.), ”emphasizing the contribution of the demilitarization of the lands and territories of indigenous peoples to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly relations among nations and peoples of the world”. (UNDRIP preface)
We appeal that Mexico thus ensures due implementation of all the abovementioned rights of the indigenous peoples and stops all violence which threatens the human rights defenders of these rights in the case of San Juan Copala as well as elsewhere in Oaxaca.
Mexico has to ensure that it fulfils thus also its following commitments of the UN General Assembly resolution 53/144:
- "Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms" and "to create all conditions necessary ... as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons... are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice". (”Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”; A/RES/53/144 (8 March 1999), article 2.(1).)
- "Everyone has the right... to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms" and "to be protected effectively under national law in reacting against or opposing... activities and acts, including those by omission, attributable to States that result in violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms"
- "The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection" of everyone, against any "threats ... pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration." Everyone has also the right to be protected against "acts of violence perpetrated by groups or individuals that affect the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms". (A/RES/53/144, articles 12.(1)-(3))
- "Everyone has the right,... to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms" through peaceful meetings, advocacy, campaigning, etc. and to "discuss, form and hold opinions on the observance, both in law and in practice, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms,... to draw public attention to those matters" and "freely to publish, impart or disseminate ... views,... and knowledge on all human rights and fundamental freedoms" (A/RES/53/144, articles 1, 5 and 6 b-c)
- Everyone has "the right... to submit to governmental bodies and agencies and organizations concerned with public affairs criticism and proposals for improving their functioning and to draw attention to any aspect of their work that may hinder or impede the promotion, protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms." (A/RES/53/144, article 8.(2))
- In respect to the violations, "everyone... has the right, ... to complain to and have that complaint promptly reviewed in a public hearing before an independent, impartial and competent judicial or other authority established by law and to obtain from such an authority a decision, in accordance with law, providing redress, including any compensation due, where there has been a violation... all without undue delay". (A/RES/53/144, article 9.(2).). "Everyone has the right...: to complain about the policies and actions of individual officials and governmental bodies with regard to violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, by petition... to competent domestic... authorities... which should render their decision on the complaint without undue delay". (A/RES/53/144, article 9)
- "Each State shall adopt such legislative, administrative and other steps as may be necessary to ensure that the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration are effectively guaranteed." (A/RES/53/144, 2.2.)
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